Personal information

Activities

Employment (19)

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, IN

2024 to present | Registrar
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Telangana Academy of Sciences: Mahabubnagar, Telangana, IN

2016 to present | District coordinator, TAS MBNR
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Pillalamarri Science Forum, MBNR: Mahabubnagar, Telangana, IN

2016 to present | Member
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2016 to present | BOS Telangana & Gulberga, SK Universities and MVS
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, IN

2016 to present | Professor (Microbiology)
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Rajiv Vidya mission: Mahabubnagar, Telangana, IN

2015 to present | Member, RVM
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

EI, MBNR: Mahabubnagar, Telangana, IN

2015 to present | Convener
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2010 to present | Member JIC and CDC
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2018 to 2023 | Chairman, BOS Microbiology (Microbiology)
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2019 to 2022 | Registrar
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2019 to 2022 | Controller of Examinations
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2014 to 2020 | EC Member
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2017 to 2019 | Dean, Development and UGC
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2015 to 2018 | Director, IQAC
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2012 to 2017 | Principal
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2012 to 2017 | Chairman NSS
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, IN

2009 to 2015 | Associate Professor (Microbiology)
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2011 to 2014 | Chairman, R& D
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Palamuru University: Mahbūbnagar, Telangana, IN

2010 to 2013 | Head, (Microbiology)
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Education and qualifications (3)

Kakatiya University: Warangal, Telangana, IN

1995 to 1999 | PhD (Microbiology)
Qualification
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Kakatiya University: Warangal, Telangana, IN

1993 to 1995 | M.Sc (Microbiology)
Qualification
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Kakatiya University: Warangal, Telangana, IN

1989 to 1992 | B.Sc (Botany, Zoology, Chemistry)
Qualification
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Professional activities (2)

Royal Society of Biology: UK , GB

Membership
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

GSF Research Inst: Germany, Germany, DE

2000 to 2002 | Post Doc
Invited position
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi

Works (50 of 67)

Items per page:
Page 1 of 2

An in-silico investigation of fluoride ions impact on pancreatic lipase

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
2023 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85144026223

Part of ISSN: 10974644 07302312
Contributors: Yadav, P.R.; Syed, H.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Determination of the Antibacterial and Anti-biofilm Capability of Selected Leaf Extracts

Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy
2023 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85183894299

Part of ISSN: 22307303 09738916
Contributors: Desai, R.; Anuradha, B.S.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

In silico structural elucidation of novel lipase encoded by LipHim1 gene and it’s activation by Tween 60

Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics
2023 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85166429839

Part of ISSN: 09750959 03011208
Contributors: Raja Srinath, R.; Basha, S.H.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Novel primer designing and PCR-AFLP approach for an expeditious detection of coliforms in potable waters

Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics
2023 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85146315258

Part of ISSN: 09750959 03011208
Contributors: Shanker, A.S.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Study on anti-biofilm activity of some commonly available plant leaf extracts on Pseudomonas species and Staphylococcus aureus

Research Journal of Biotechnology
2023 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85152429275

Part of ISSN: 22784535 09736263
Contributors: Revathi, D.; Anuradha, B.S.; Kumar, P.P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Fluoride Delineation and Bacterial Diversity of Potable Water in Mandal Parishads of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh, India

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution
2022 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85135149983

Part of ISSN: 18758568 09729860
Contributors: Raghuveer Yadav, P.; Pavan Kumar, P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Host Specificity and Symbiotic Association Between InDigenous Rhizobium Strain and Arachis hypogaea Plants

Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy
2022 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85141759945

Part of ISSN: 22307303 09738916
Contributors: Sanjeev Kumar, K.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Microsecond simulation analysis of carbonic anhydrase–II in complex with (+)-cathechin revealed molecular interactions responsible for its amelioration effect on fluoride toxicity

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
2022 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85102718427

Part of ISSN: 15380254 07391102
Contributors: Yadav, P.R.; Hussain Basha, S.; Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Role of Thr199 residue in human β-carbonic anhydrase-II pH-dependent activity elucidated by microsecond simulation analysis

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics
2022 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85099502345

Part of ISSN: 15380254 07391102
Contributors: Yadav, P.R.; Basha, S.H.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Activated tamarind seed coat: A green biosorbent to remove fluoride from aqueous solutions

Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
2021 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85109093300

Part of ISSN: 16070798 16069749
Contributors: Srinivasulu, D.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Data on host specificity and symbiotic association between indigenous Rhizobium BD1 strain and Vigna radiata (green gram)

Data in Brief
2021 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85118498640

Part of ISSN: 23523409
Contributors: Kumar K, S.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Development of a simple, rapid multiplex PCR tool kit by using the 16S rRNA gene for the identification of faecal and non-faecal coliforms in drinking water

Water Supply
2021 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85119374836

Part of ISSN: 16070798 16069749
Contributors: Shanker, A.S.; Rajesh, N.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

A study on bioremediation of fluoride-contaminated water via a novel bacterium Acinetobacter sp. (GU566361) isolated from potable water

Results in Chemistry
2020 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85096233640

Part of ISSN: 22117156
Contributors: Shanker, A.S.; Srinivasulu, D.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Data on fluoride concentration profile in groundwater of rural habitats in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana, India

Data in Brief
2020 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85089538684

Part of ISSN: 23523409
Contributors: Dasaiah, S.; Kurakalva, R.M.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Exploration of coliform diversity in drinking water resources by culture-independent approaches

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
2020 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85092211815

Part of ISSN: 24089362 20439083
Contributors: Shanker, A.S.; Vootla, P.K.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Isolation and characterization of novel and efficient protease producing bacteria from drinking water resources

Water Science and Technology: Water Supply
2020 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85079379175

Part of ISSN: 16070798 16069749
Contributors: Jeevan Chandra, S.; Shiva Shanker, A.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Microsecond simulation analysis of Carbonic anhydrase – II in complex with (+)- cathechin revealed molecular interactions responsible for its amelioration effect on fluoride toxicity

ChemRxiv
2020 | Other
EID:

2-s2.0-85098902077

Part of ISSN: 25732293
Contributors: Yadav, P.R.; Basha, S.H.; Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Rhizobium-legume symbiosis: Molecular determinants and geospecificity

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
2020 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85088695842

Part of ISSN: 2581690X 09737510
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Kumar, K.S.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Role of Thr199 residue in human β-Carbonic anhydrase-II pH-dependent activity elucidated by microsecond simulation analysis

ChemRxiv
2020 | Other
EID:

2-s2.0-85098897583

Part of ISSN: 25732293
Contributors: Yadav, P.R.; Basha, S.H.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Traditional medicinal plants used in anti-halitosis

Natural Oral Care in Dental Therapy
2020 | Book chapter
EID:

2-s2.0-85102772318

Contributors: Singh, P.S.; Kumar, P.P.; Srinivasulu, D.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Evaluating the effectiveness of tamarindus indica partially activated seed coat biomass in removing of nitrates from aqueous solutions

Pollution
2019 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85071946744

Part of ISSN: 23834501 2383451X
Contributors: Srinivasulu, D.; Naidu, Grk.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Exploration of bacterial contaminants in reservoirs of palamuru by PCR-DGGE method: Household water treatment

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
2019 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85074096433

Part of ISSN: 24089362 20439083
Contributors: Shiva Shanker, A.; Kannaiah Goud, R.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Exploring natural combination for identification of upregulated nitrogen fixing bacteria specific to chickpea in targeted geography: A physical, biochemical, and in Silico approach

Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85059800352

Part of ISSN: 09722025
Contributors: Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Krishna, M.S.R.; Kumar, P.P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Identification of upregulated nitrogen fixing bacteria for arachis hypogaea by exploring natural combination: A physical, biochemical, and in silico approach

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85048711841

Part of ISSN: 09737510
Contributors: Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Krishna, M.S.R.; Kumar, P.P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

In silico structural homology modeling of nif a protein of rhizobial strains in selective legume plants

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85054741202

Part of ISSN: 09737510
Contributors: Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Krishna, M.S.R.; Jeereddy, S.; Kumar, P.P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

In silico structural homology modeling of nif A protein of rhizobial strains in selective legume plants

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85049482945

Part of ISSN: 20905920 1687157X
Contributors: Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Krishna, M.S.R.; Pavan Kumar, P.; Jeereddy, S.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Purification and characterization of protease produced by bacillus subtilis MD2

Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85045456192

Part of ISSN: 09723005
Contributors: Dorcas, K.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

A strategic approach for isolation and identification of plant growth promoting Rhizobial strains from Bhadrachalam forest area with respect to chickpea (Cicer arietinum)

Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
2017 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85025443802

Part of ISSN: 09723005
Contributors: Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Krishna, M.S.R.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Optimization of high-yielding protocol for DNA extraction from the forest rhizosphere microbes

3 Biotech
2017 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85019745377

Part of ISSN: 21905738 2190572X
Contributors: Satyanarayana, S.D.V.; Krishna, M.S.R.; Kumar, P.P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Optimization studies of protease production by bacillus amyloliquefaciens MD81 and its physical MD81M1 and chemical mutants MD81C1

Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
2017 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85043719387

Part of ISSN: 09723005
Contributors: Dorcas, K.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Chryseomicrobium palamuruense sp. nov., a haloalkalitolerant bacterium isolated from a sediment sample

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
2016 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84991080310

Part of ISSN: 14665026
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Ashwitha, K.; Rani, A.S.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Screening and isolation of cold-adapted cellulolytic bacteria from extreme habitats - Production and optimization of culture conditions

Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
2016 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85019188496

Part of ISSN: 09723005
Contributors: Ashwitha, K.; Pindi, P.K.; Rani, A.S.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Simple and rapid method for the isolation of genomic DNA from soil samples of extreme habitats

Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
2016 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85019191818

Part of ISSN: 09723005
Contributors: Ashwitha, K.; Pindi, P.K.; Rani, A.S.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Biotechnological potential of a Halobacterium of family Bacillaceae

Indian Journal of Biotechnology
2015 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84929233458

Part of ISSN: 09750967 09725849
Contributors: Tipre, S.; Pindi, P.K.; Sharma, S.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms: A critical review

Plant Biology and Biotechnology: Plant Diversity, Organization, Function and Improvement
2015 | Book chapter
EID:

2-s2.0-84943260702

Contributors: Kishore, N.; Pindi, P.K.; Reddy, S.R.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and multi-combination of bioinoculants on regenerated seedlings of cotton

Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences
2014 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84897129525

Part of ISSN: 20760906 05529034
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Sultana, T.; Mushke, R.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Enhanced nitrogen fixing in Sesbania grandiflora by Azospirillum (BPL7) sp. isolated from Godavari belt region, Andhra Pradesh, India

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B - Biological Sciences
2014 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84906534288

Part of ISSN: 03698211
Contributors: Vootla, P.K.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Exploration of industrially important enzyme producing microorganisms from extreme habitats of Dibang valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India

Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
2014 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84907337804

Part of ISSN: 09723005
Contributors: Ashwitha, K.; Balakrishna, G.; Pindi, P.K.; Swaroopa Rani, A.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Isolation and characterization of novel lipase gene LipHim1 from the DNA isolated from soil samples

Journal of Microbiology
2014 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84900034632

Part of ISSN: 19763794 12258873
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; R., R.S.; Pavankumar, T.L.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

An efficient protocol for genomic DNA isolation from cultivable bacteria

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
2013 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84880800834

Part of ISSN: 09756299
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Raja Srinath, R.; Shiva Shanker, A.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Bacterial and Fungal diversity in rhizosphere soils of Bt and non -Bt cotton in natural systems

Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science
2013 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84893736214

Part of ISSN: 13100351
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Sultana, T.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Bacteriological and physico-chemical quality of main drinking water sources

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
2013 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84879407179

Part of ISSN: 12301485
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Yadav, P.R.; Kodaparthi, A.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Characterization of dominating bacterial species in potable water

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
2013 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84876986437

Part of ISSN: 09756299
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Ashwitha, K.; Sandhya, P.; Swapna, B.; Ambika, R.; Raghuveer Yadav, P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Identification of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in drinking water samples of different rural health centers and their clinical impacts on humans

BioMed Research International
2013 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84879367397

Part of ISSN: 23146133 23146141
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Raghuveer Yadav, P.; Shiva Shanker, A.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Novel approaches of genomic DNA isolation for identification of cultivable bacteria

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology
2013 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84891502822

Part of ISSN: 20084161 20083645
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Raja, R.; Shiva Shanker, A.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Optimization of culture conditions for the production of polygalacturonase by phanerochaete chrysosporium and aspergillus fumigatus

Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy
2013 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84873578172

Part of ISSN: 09738916 22307303
Contributors: Mrudula, S.; Maheswari, V.; Ashwitha, K.; Pavan Kumar, P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Enhanced production of alkaline protease by Bacillus subtilis in submerged fermentation

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
2012 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84867696389

Part of ISSN: 09756299
Contributors: Mrudula, S.; Apsana Begum, A.; Ashwitha, K.; Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

Isolation and identification of dominating viable bacterial species in potable water

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
2012 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84867735757

Part of ISSN: 09756299
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.; Ravali, B.; Prasad, S.; Archana, K.; Rajendar, D.; Rangaiah, N.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

AM colonizatin, nodulation and growth of Sesbania grandiflora tree species in ten social forestry nurseries

Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences
2011 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-80052680454

Part of ISSN: 09723005
Contributors: Pindi, P.K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier

An improved method for extraction of heterologous dna from environmental samples for the construction of metagenomic libraries

International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences
2011 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84855297125

Part of ISSN: 09756299
Contributors: Kumar, P.P.
Source: Self-asserted source
Pavan Kumar Pindi via Scopus - Elsevier
Items per page:
Page 1 of 2

Peer review (1 review for 1 publication/grant)

Review activity for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India, Section B: biological sciences. (1)