Personal information

Biography

Rachael Hughes is a research fellow in Medical Statistics within the MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit. Her main research interests are longitudinal modelling in life-course epidemiology, analysis in the presence of missing data, causal inference, instrumental variable analysis, longitudinal modelling of disease biomarkers, analysis in the presence of non-random selection into a study, and clinical epidemiology of HIV and AIDS in the era of antiretroviral therapy. Rachael is an associate editor for Biometrical Journal, and she is on the scientific conference board for the Royal Statistical Society.

Activities

Employment (3)

University of Bristol: Bristol, Bristol, GB

Senior Research Fellow (Population Health Sciences)
Employment
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes

The University of Bristol: Bristol, GB

2017-02-01 to present | Member (Bristol Population Health Science Institute)
Employment
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University of Bristol - PURE

The University of Bristol: Bristol, GB

2019-08-01 to 2025-08-31 | Academic , Senior Research Fellow (Bristol Medical School (PHS))
Employment
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University of Bristol - PURE

Works (50 of 55)

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Page 1 of 2

Relationship between collider bias and interactions on the log-additive scale

Statistical Methods in Medical Research
2025-03-02 | Journal article
Contributors: Apostolos Gkatzionis; Shaun R Seaman; Rachael A Hughes; Kate Tilling
Source: check_circle
Crossref

Quantitative bias analysis for mismeasured variables in health research: a review of software tools

2024-12-12 | Preprint
Contributors: Codie J.C. Wood; Kate M. Tilling; Jonathan W. Bartlett; Rachael A. Hughes
Source: check_circle
Crossref

Analyses using multiple imputation need to consider missing data in auxiliary variables

American Journal of Epidemiology
2024-08-27 | Journal article
Contributors: Paul Madley-Dowd; Elinor Curnow; Rachael A Hughes; Rosie P Cornish; Kate Tilling; Jon Heron
Source: check_circle
Crossref
grade
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Multiple imputation strategies for missing event times in a multi‐state model analysis

Statistics in Medicine
2024-03-15 | Journal article
Contributors: Elinor Curnow; Rachael A. Hughes; Kate Birnie; Kate Tilling; Michael J. Crowther
Source: check_circle
Crossref
grade
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Analyses using multiple imputation need to consider missing data in auxiliary variables

2023-12-11 | Preprint
Contributors: Paul Madley-Dowd; Elinor Curnow; Rachael A. Hughes; Rosie Cornish; Kate Tilling; Jon Heron
Source: check_circle
Crossref

Time-sensitive testing pressures and COVID-19 outcomes

BMC Public Health
2023-09-26 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

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EID:

2-s2.0-85172164132

Contributors: Alice R Carter; Gemma Clayton; Maria Carolina Borges; Laura Howe; Rachael Hughes; George Davey Smith; Debbie Lawlor; Kate Tilling; Gareth Griffith
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Quantitative bias analysis in practice

BMC Medical Research Methodology
2023-05-04 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

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EID:

2-s2.0-85158007883

Contributors: Emily Kawabata; Kate Tilling; Rolf Groenwold; Rachael Hughes
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Software tools for quantitative bias analysis on measurement error or misclassification (Web of Science Core Collection and four other databases hosted on the same platform).

2023-04-18 | Preprint
Contributors: Codie Wood; Rachael Hughes; Kate Tilling; Jonathan Bartlett
Source: check_circle
Crossref

Exploring the impact of selection bias in observational studies of COVID-19: a simulation study

International Journal of Epidemiology
2022-12-06 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

f5ab6dfd-9d4c-4eb8-b7d7-2e9d5aa007a4

Contributors: Louise A C Millard; Alba Fernandez Sanles; Alice R Carter; Rachael Hughes; Kate Tilling; Tim P Morris; Daniel Smith; Gareth Griffith; Gemma Clayton; Emily Kawabata et al.
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Developing decision support tools incorporating personalised predictions of likely visual benefit versus harm for cataract surgery

NIHR Open Research
2022-10-01 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

36d293ad-5938-415d-b0e8-793208d64dc3

EID:

2-s2.0-85141069719

Contributors: John M Sparrow; Mariusz T Grzeda; Andrew Frost; Christopher Liu; Robert L Johnston; Peter Scanlon; Christalla Pithara-McKeown; Daisy Elliott; Jenny L Donovan; Natalie Joseph-Williams et al.
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Sample-constrained partial identification with application to selection bias

Biometrika
2022-07-25 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

0bb5a1b3-938b-4d04-8951-d2cdbd34ae65

Contributors: Matt J Tudball; Kate Tilling; Rachael Hughes
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Using linear and natural cubic splines, SITAR, and latent trajectory models to characterise nonlinear longitudinal growth trajectories in cohort studies

BMC Medical Research Methodology
2022-03-15 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

6ee4e02a-eb75-4134-9175-499762d4149c

EID:

2-s2.0-85126316380

Contributors: Ahmed Elhakeem; Rachael Hughes; Kate Tilling; Diana L Cousminer; Stefan Jackowski; Tim J Cole; Alex Siu Fung Kwong; Zheyuan Li; Struan F A Grant; Adam Baxter-Jones et al.
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Surgeon effects on cataract refractive outcomes are minimal compared with patient comorbidity and gender: an analysis of 490987 cases

British Journal of Ophthalmology
2021-11-11 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

46908607-4db7-42f0-a901-a78e7aaf28c5

EID:

2-s2.0-85141052645

Contributors: Rachael Hughes; Petros Aristodemou; John M Sparrow; Stephen Kaye
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Multiple imputation strategies for a bounded outcome variable in a competing risks analysis

Statistics in Medicine
2021-10-19 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

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EID:

2-s2.0-85100220706

Contributors: Elinor Curnow; Rachael Hughes; Kate Birnie; M J Crowther; M T May; Kate Tilling
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Combining longitudinal data from different cohorts to examine the life-course trajectory

American Journal of Epidemiology
2021-07-02 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

1b252a33-e7a2-4e73-81f9-ae70678e960a

EID:

2-s2.0-85108368209

Contributors: Rachael Hughes; Kate Tilling; Debbie Lawlor
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Mendelian randomisation with coarsened exposures

Genetic Epidemiology
2021-04 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

71d9ca47-0044-4eb2-8f0b-6dbc98196786

EID:

2-s2.0-85100071706

Contributors: Matthew J Tudball; Jack Bowden; Rachael Hughes; Amanda Ly; Marcus Munafo; Kate Tilling; Qingyuan Zhao; George Davey Smith
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Bootstrap Inference for Multiple Imputation under Uncongeniality and Misspecification

Statistical Methods in Medical Research
2020-12-01 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

d128fbeb-95ec-414d-ba86-29a1c965fe37

EID:

2-s2.0-85087308661

Contributors: Jonathan W. Bartlett; Rachael Hughes
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Early life exposure to air pollution, green spaces and built environment, and body mass index growth trajectories during the first 5 years of life

Environmental Pollution
2020-11-01 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

a642ae48-24ec-4fce-acbc-d9dafee5a4b2

EID:

2-s2.0-85088949840

Contributors: Jeroen de Bont; Rachael Hughes; Kate Tilling; Yesika Diaz; Montserrat de Castro; Marta Cirach; Serena Fossati; Mark Nieuwenhuijsen; Talita Duarte-Salles; Martine Vrijheid
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

A simple framework for Mendelian randomisation of latent continuous exposures with discrete measurements

2020-08-23 | Preprint
Contributors: Matthew J. Tudball; Jack Bowden; Rachael A. Hughes; Amanda Ly; Marcus R. Munafò; Kate Tilling; Qingyuan Zhao; George Davey Smith
Source: check_circle
Crossref

Domestic violence is a health problem in the Arab world: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sexual Violence Research Initiative Forum, Cape Town, South Africa, 21/10/19
2019 | Conference paper | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

c19d3e6b-56f0-4ff9-80ac-1adbcc916555

Contributors: Claire Hawcroft; Rachael Hughes; Amira Shaheen; Jinan Usta; Hannah Elkadi; Tom Dalton; Khadijah Ginwalla; Gene Feder
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Accounting for missing data in statistical analyses

International Journal of Epidemiology
2019-08-01 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

24f62c82-f847-4d29-81bd-02f71045e759

EID:

2-s2.0-85066865608

EID:

2-s2.0-85066865608

Contributors: Rachael Hughes; Jon Heron; Jonathan Sterne; Kate Tilling
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Childhood neurodevelopmental difficulties and risk of adolescent depression

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
2019-08-01 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

3e1984d4-bbb1-422c-838b-fb52adf46142

EID:

2-s2.0-85063358165

EID:

2-s2.0-85063358165

Contributors: Olga Eyre; Rachael Hughes; Ajay K. Thapar; Ellen Leibenluft; Argyris Stringaris; George Davey Smith; Evangelia Stergiakouli; Stephan Collishaw; Anita Thapar
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

The proportion of missing data should not be used to guide decisions on multiple imputation

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
2019-06-13 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

74ff9add-cc01-4eef-95ee-d8eb7735a49b

EID:

2-s2.0-85063758566

EID:

2-s2.0-85063758566

Contributors: Paul Madley-Dowd; Rachael Hughes; Kate Tilling; Jon Heron
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Selection bias when estimating average treatment effects using one-sample instrumental variable analysis

Epidemiology
2019-05-01 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

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EID:

2-s2.0-85064726452

EID:

2-s2.0-85064726452

Contributors: Rachael Hughes; Neil Davies; George Davey Smith; Kate Tilling
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Prevalence and health outcomes of domestic violence amongst clinical populations in Arab countries

BMC Public Health
2019-03-18 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

ee6fa19d-38ff-4013-b8e4-796b24276be3

EID:

2-s2.0-85063151794

Contributors: Claire Hawcroft; Rachael Hughes; Amira Shaheen; Jinan Usta; Hannah Elkadi; Tom Dalton; Khadijah Ginwalla; Gene Feder
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Interventions to support shared decision making for hypertension: A systematic review of controlled studies

Health Expectations
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85053453213

Contributors: Johnson, R.A.; Huntley, A.; Hughes, R.A.; Cramer, H.; Turner, K.M.; Perkins, B.; Feder, G.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Long terms trends in CD4+ cell counts, CD8+ cell counts, and the CD4+ :CD8+ ratio

AIDS
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85048320791

Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes
grade
Preferred source (of 3)‎

Relative efficiency of joint-model and full-conditional-specification multiple imputation when conditional models are compatible: The general location model

Statistical Methods in Medical Research
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85046750545

Contributors: Seaman, S.R.; Hughes, R.A.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Socioeconomic differences in childhood BMI trajectories in Belarus

International Journal of Obesity
2018 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85044308242

Contributors: Patel, R.; Tilling, K.; Lawlor, D.A.; Howe, L.D.; Hughes, R.A.; Bogdanovich, N.; Matush, L.; Nicoli, E.; Oken, E.; Kramer, M.S. et al.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Analyzing repeated measurements while accounting for derivative tracking, varying within-subject variance, and autocorrelation: The xtmixediou command

Stata Journal
2017 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85029848653

Contributors: Hughes, R.A.; Kenward, M.G.; Sterne, J.A.C.; Tilling, K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier

Estimation of the linear mixed integrated Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model

Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation
2017 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-85009252495

Contributors: Hughes, R.A.; Kenward, M.G.; Sterne, J.A.C.; Tilling, K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Analysing repeated measurements whilst accounting for derivative tracking, varying within-subject variance, and autocorrelation

Stata Journal
2017-09-01 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

2f4686c9-fc07-4566-adc3-5a1e34d6fd46

Contributors: Rachael Hughes; Michael Kenward; Jonathan Sterne; Kate Tilling
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Comparison of imputation variance estimators

Statistical Methods in Medical Research
2016 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84995785045

Contributors: Hughes, R.A.; Sterne, J.A.C.; Tilling, K.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Predicting virological decay in patients starting combination antiretroviral therapy

AIDS
2016 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84973889526

Contributors: Hughes, R.A.; Sterne, J.A.C.; Walsh, J.; Post, F.; Nelson, M.; Jose, S.; Hill, T.; Tilling, K.; Fisherg, M.; Dunn, D. et al.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Childhood Wheezing, Asthma, Allergy, Atopy, and Lung Function: Different Socioeconomic Patterns for Different Phenotypes

American Journal of Epidemiology
2015 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84947575950

Contributors: Galobardes, B.; Granell, R.; Sterne, J.; Hughes, R.; Mejia-Lancheros, C.; Smith, G.D.; Henderson, J.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
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Maternal and childhood psychological factors predict chronic disabling fatigue at age 13 years

Journal of Adolescent Health
2015 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84921449133

Contributors: Collin, S.M.; Tilling, K.; Joinson, C.; Rimes, K.A.; Pearson, R.M.; Hughes, R.A.; Sterne, J.A.C.; Crawley, E.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Joint modelling rationale for chained equations

BMC Medical Research Methodology
2014 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84897646212

Contributors: Hughes, R.A.; White, I.R.; Seaman, S.R.; Carpenter, J.R.; Tilling, K.; Sterne, J.A.C.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Modelling childhood growth using fractional polynomials and linear splines

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
2014 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84912067585

Contributors: Tilling, K.; MacDonald-Wallis, C.; Lawlor, D.A.; Hughes, R.A.; Howe, L.D.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Adolescent perspectives on wearing accelerometers to measure physical activity in population-based trials

European Journal of Public Health
2013 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84878288573

Contributors: Audrey, S.; Bell, S.; Hughes, R.; Campbell, R.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Chronic disabling fatigue at age 13 and association with family adversity

Pediatrics
2012 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84863529096

Contributors: Crawley, E.; Hughes, R.; Northstone, K.; Tilling, K.; Emond, A.; Sterne, J.A.C.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier

Reducing smoking in adolescents: Cost-effectiveness results from the cluster randomized assist (a stop smoking in schools trial)

Nicotine and Tobacco Research
2012 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-84856365915

Contributors: Hollingworth, W.; Cohen, D.; Hawkins, J.; Hughes, R.A.; Moore, L.A.R.; Holliday, J.C.; Audrey, S.; Starkey, F.; Campbell, R.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Associations of gestational weight gain with maternal body mass index, waist circumference, and blood pressure measured 16 y after pregnancy: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2011 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-79956332185

Contributors: Fraser, A.; Tilling, K.; Macdonald-Wallis, C.; Hughes, R.; Sattar, N.; Nelson, S.M.; Lawlor, D.A.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Long-term trends in CD4 cell counts and impact of viral failure in individuals starting antiretroviral therapy: UK Collaborative HIV Cohort (CHIC) study

HIV Medicine
2011 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-80054835631

Contributors: Hughes, R.A.; Sterne, J.A.C.; Walsh, J.; Bansi, L.; Gilson, R.; Orkin, C.; Hill, T.; Ainsworth, J.; Anderson, J.; Gompels, M. et al.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Social adversity at birth predicts disabling fatigue at 13 years: population-based study

Pediatrics
2011 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

f2940667-b67d-4eb5-b9db-c44d0807e397

Contributors: Esther Crawley; Rachael Hughes; Kate Northstone; Kate Tilling; Alan Emond; Jonathan Sterne
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Associations of Gestational Weight Gain With Maternal Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Blood Pressure Measured 16 Years After Pregnancy

Obstetrical and Gynecological Survey
2011-10 | Journal article | Author
SOURCE-WORK-ID:

845076bf-f213-4b67-a33d-52dec7b60b91

EID:

2-s2.0-83055169752

Contributors: Abigail Fraser; Kate Tilling; Corrie Macdonald-Wallis; Rachael Hughes; Naveed Sattar; Scott M. Nelson; Debbie Lawlor
Source: check_circle
University of Bristol - PURE

Health-related quality of life after minimally invasive oesophagectomy

British Journal of Surgery
2010 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-77949421802

Contributors: Parameswaran, R.; Blazeby, J.M.; Hughes, R.; Mitchell, K.; Berrisford, R.G.; Wajed, S.A.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Health-related quality of life and survival in the 2 years after surgery for gastric cancer

European Journal of Surgical Oncology
2010 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-74149087808

Contributors: Avery, K.; Hughes, R.; McNair, A.; Alderson, D.; Barham, P.; Blazeby, J.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Determinants of global quality of life before and after major cancer surgery: An exploratory study

Quality of Life Research
2009 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-70349921048

Contributors: Rutegård, M.; Hughes, R.; Lagergren, P.; Blazeby, J.M.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

An informal school-based peer-led intervention for smoking prevention in adolescence (ASSIST): a cluster randomised trial

The Lancet
2008 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-43049131081

Contributors: Campbell, R.; Starkey, F.; Holliday, J.; Audrey, S.; Bloor, M.; Parry-Langdon, N.; Hughes, R.; Moore, L.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎

Early life growth and hemostatic factors

American Journal of Epidemiology
2008 | Journal article
EID:

2-s2.0-46749158319

Contributors: Fraser, A.; Hughes, R.; McCarthy, A.; Tilling, K.; Davies, D.; Rumley, A.; Lowe, G.D.O.; Davey Smith, G.; Ben-Shlomo, Y.
Source: Self-asserted source
Rachael Hughes via Scopus - Elsevier
grade
Preferred source (of 2)‎
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