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In eukaryotes, the processes of transcription and maturation of RNAs in the nucleus can result in the expression of different isoforms from the same gene, via the use of alternative splice sites. The architecture of genes (number and size of introns) as well as the degree of complexity of isoform transcripts vary greatly between different taxa. The “raison d’être” for this diversity is still poorly understood. According to some authors, this complexity results from selective pressures to increase the functional repertoire of genomes. But according to others, these isoforms are predominantly non-functional, and result from the accumulation of deleterious mutations by random genetic drift, which would induce errors in the cellular machinery of expression. The objective of my work is to estimate to what extent the effective size of the populations (Ne, which defines the intensity of the genetic drift) influences the evolution of the structure and the complexity of the expression of the genes in metazoa. My research project is based on the comparative analysis of genome and transcriptomes in metazoans. It requires significant bioinformatics developments to ensure the analysis and management of large volumes of data.